lhdL /fO{ j]nfotdf b]z / 8fo;kf]/fdf sfd / gfd ldn]sf] ljNs'n yf]/} dfq 5g\ g]kfnL ;fdflhs ;F:yfx¿ . ;Kk}sf] gfd cGoGt ;'Gb/ Û k|foM kmnfg' ;]jf ;dfh of sNof0fsf/L ;+3 of To:t} s]xL . dWo] lhdL /fO{ pTyfg ;dfh ;f]n" ;fOtdf h'/]sf] gfpF xf] . sDtLdf ;f]n"af;L /fO{x¿sf] lglDt km/flsnf] 5flt kfg]{ ;F:yf l;4 ePsf] 5 cfh . hGdbf / pk|fGt v]k]sf] 5 oNn] y'k|} x08/ . p;f] t s'g} klg ;F:yf hGdfpg] ljrf/ s]jn Pshgfsf] x'G5 / p;n] ljrf/ / p4]Zo k|:t'tLsf] ;fydf j]Rg ;s]df ;F:yf hGdG5 jNn . ljrf/n] ;F:yfsf] ?k lnPkl5 p;sf] ljrf/ ;femf x'G5 h;df p;sf] bfjL /xGg . olb o;df bfjL ePdf jf h; lng vf]h]df jf o;sf] k|nf]eg\df kml;Pdf ;F:yf ;F:yf /xGg . cS;/ ;fdflhs ;F:yfsf] kl/sNkgf g]t[Tjsf] ef]sf] / :jfy{ jfx]s ;'4 ;fdflhs ;]jfsf] x]t'n] jx't sd hGdG5g\ / oL sdx¿df kg]{ ;F:yf xf] of] lhdL sd ;] sd 8fo:kf]l/s gh/af6 . v]b 5 xfdLnfO{ b]z leq lhdL /fO{ bzssf] a'9f] x'bf;Dd o;sf] lx:;]bf/ elgPsf xfdL b]z jflx/sfx¿n] /dLt x]l/Xof}F . p;f] t aflx/sf kmf§k'm§ s]xLn] uR5] cg';f/ ul/ g} /x]sf 5g\ . tL dWo] l8NnL/fd /fO{sf] gfpF glnbf cGofo x'G5 . k|foM / vf;u/L d j]sfd /Xof}F . s]Gb|sf cu|h lhdL jGw'x¿n] j]nfjvt u/]sf] ;–;fgf cfu|xx¿df ;d]t 5\ofg\ k'¥ofpg d'l:sn /Xof] . AolQmut ?kdf ;F:yfk|lt ;a}sf] plQs} lrGtf 5 eGg] dx;';\ k'/fgf] xf] t/ o;nfO{ j:t'ut jgfpg xQkQ ;fOt h'/]g rfx]/ klg . hLjg sl7g 5 oxfF vf; ul/ nfx'/] ljut ePsfx¿nfO{ . Pp6} cf]5\ofg\ afF8\g] sof}F hf]8fx¿x¿ 5g\ hf] slxNo} e]6 x'b}gg\ . >Ldfg\sf] sfd /ft ;'tfO{ lbg / >LdtLsf] sfd lbg, ;'tfO{ /ftÙ e]6 xf];\ s;/L . 5f]/f–5f]/Lsf] lglDt eg]/ :jb]z 5f]8]/ cfPsf cfdf–afafx¿ tLg} 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿;Fu d':sLnn] e]6 x'G5 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿;Fu . oqf] plk|mkfk|mL kl5sf] pknlAw s]jn dHhfn] dlxgf dg'{ xf] . ;du|df of] xfntsf ckafb xf]Ogg\ ;f]n'sf lhdL /fO{x¿ . ctM Psfk;df dlxgf}F e]6 gx'g' c:jefljs xf]Og . o;/L k¥of}F xfdL kl5 . h] xf];\ l9n} ePklg slDtdf hGdLPsf] lhdL /fO{ pTyfg ;dfh ;f]n' -j]nfot_ . b'O{ r/0fsf] 5nkmn kl5 o;nfO{ ;F:yfut ?k lbOPsf] 5 . ! hgj/L @))( sf lbg cªu|]hL gofFjif{sf] 5'6\6L 5f]k]/ e]nf ePsf s]xL ;f]n'jf;L /fO{ jGw'x¿sf] ldnf]dtf]df k|f/lDes sld6L u7g ePsf] lyof] h'g o; k|sf/sf] lyof]– cBIf – Sof= x]d sdf/ /fO{ pkfBIf – >L b]jjxfb/ /fO{ sf]iffBIf – >L ljAosdf/ /fO{ ;lrj – >L d'nLjL/ /fO{ If]qLo k|ltlglwx¿M Ps uf]vf{ /fO{kmN;\ – >L afa'sfhL /fO{ b'O{ uf]vf{ /fOkmN;\ – >L l8NnL/fd /fO{ Sof6«Ls – >L gGb/fh /fO{ j]N;\ – >L b]j jxfb/ /fO{ uf]vf{ OlGhlo/ – >L /fds'df/ /fO{ uf]vf{ l;UgN;\ – >L s]zj /fO{ uf]vf{ hL Pn cf/ – >L /f]zg /fO{ n08g – >L dx]Gb| /fO{ :jLG8g\ – jfudgL /fO{ j]nfotdf ;fs]nf ka{ s]xL jif{otf cGoGt nf]sk[o ePsf] 5 . ls/fFt /fO{ ofof]Svfsf] cfof]hgfdf x/]sf ;fn j};fv] k"l0f{dfsf] 5]sf kf/]/ ;DkGg x'g] ;f] kj{df j]nfot el/sf /fO{x¿n] h;/L ePklg ljbf ldnfP/ e]nfx'G5g\ / ;f]n'sf lhdL jGw'x¿klg . ctM ;f]n'jf;L lhdL e]6 x'g] csf]{ df}sf xf] ;fs]nf kj{ . oxL cj;/ kf/]/ k|f/DeLs sld6LnfO{ k"0f{tf lbg ut !( d] @))( sf lbg ljxfg k'gM Sof xl/k|;fb /fO{s} lgjf;df csf]{ lhdL /fO{ e]nf ;DkGg eof] . klxn]sf] eGbf pNn]vgLo ;+Vofdf pklZylt /x]sf] pQm e]nfn] klg k|f/lDes sldl6nfO{ To:tf] x]/km]/ u/]g . k|foM oyfjt /x] eg] s]jn pkfBIfdf >L s[i0fs'df/ /fO{nfO{ dgf]lgt u¥of] . To;sf] cnfjf yk If]lqo k|ltlglwx¿ >L kGrlj/ /fO{, lrqs'df/ /fO{ / k|Zgs'df/ /fO{ qmd;M j]lhª:6s, j]:6 ld8Nof08 / cf;kmf]8{sf] lglDt dgf]lgt ePsf 5g\ . pQm e]nfdf ul/Psf] lg0f{o k|ltj]bgdf pNn]lvt 5 / s]Gb|nfO{ cjut klg ul/;lsPsf] 5 . h] xf];\ lhdL /fO{ pTyf; ;dfh ;f]n' -j]nfot_ ;DjGwdf clxn]nfO{ olt . | lhdL /fO{ j]nfno / ljj]rgf hLdL /fO{ pTyfg ;dfh ;f]n"sf] k/b];L zfvf j]nfot o;jif{ Ps sbd cufl8 j9]sf] 5 . ut;fnsf] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef4f/f kfl/t ul/Psf] k|:tfj cg';f/ o;jif{ pk|fGt ;dfhsf ;bZox¿leqsf pd]4f/ ljBfyL{x¿ dWo] pTs{i6 cª\s NofO{ hL ;L P; O (General Certificate of Secondary Education) plt0f{ ug]{ Ps ljBfyL{nfO{ k'/:sf/ :j¿k gub kfp08 b'O ;o k|bfg ul/g] ePkl5 o; jif{sf] k'/:sf/ g]rf j]b3f/Lsf ;bZo4o >L lji0f's'df/ /fO{ / >LdtL rGb|s'df/L /fO{sf ;'k'q >L b]jfg /fO{nfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . pxfF o;jif{ PSnf] pd]4f/ ePklg pxfFsf] z}lIfs glthf pTs[i6 /x]sf] sf/0f pxfFnfO{ k'/:s[t ul/Psf] xf] . jif{df hDdf Ps kN6 klg lhdL ;dfhsf ;bZox¿ e]nf x'gsf] lglDt xDd] kg]{ cj:yfdf ls/ft /fO{ ofof]Svfsf] ;fs]nf kj{ dgfOg] lbgsf] cj;/ kf/]/ bfp 5f]k]dfq e]nf x'g] ;Defjgf /x]sf]n] To;f] gul/ ;'v kfOPsf] lyPg cluNnf jif{x¿df eg] o; jif{ rfxLF lhdL/fO{sf pkfBIf >L s[i0fs'df/ /fO{ / If]qLo k|ltlglw b]jaxfb'/ /fO{nufotsf ;bZox¿sf] ;s[otfdf lhdL/fO{n] jflif{s e]nfnfO{ k[ystf lbPsf] lyof] . kmfg{xfd l:yt sDo"lg6L ;]G6/df ;g\ @)!! dO{ @( tfl/vsf lbg jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efsf ;fy} jfj{So"sf] klg cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] eg] cluNnf jif{x¿sf] t'ngfdf o;jif{sf] ;xeflutf pNn]Vo /x]sf] lyof] .
h;f] t;f] jif{df PskN6 e]nf x'g], e]nfdf /flvPsf k|Ztfjx¿sf] cg'df]bg ug]{ / sfo{Gjog ug]{ s'/fdf lhld/fO{ j]nfot ;fvf 6f7f] 5 . k'/:sf/s} s'/f, sfFs'sf xfd|f cfb/0fLo ;bZo >L sKtfgl;ª /fO{ s]xL ;dootf lj/fdLsf] sf/0f c;Qm x'g'x'G5, pxfFnfO{ s]xL cfly{s ;xof]u h'6fpg ;kmn ePsf] s'/f, hDdf ePsf] s]xL /sdnfO{ ;xL 7fpFdf nufgL / ;b'kof]u ug]{sf] s'/f, s]xL sf]xL dbf{ kbf{df lhdL /fO{ tkm{af6 k'ik u'R5fk{0f ug]{sf] s'/fh:tf lemgfdl;gf s'/fx¿ eO/x]klg 7"nf] 5ftL jgfP/ s]Gb|nfO{ b]vfpg]vfn] gd'gf cfh ko{Gt ue{leq} 5 h;k|lt ;r]t ;bZox¿nfO{ v]b 5 . 9fF6\g' s] 5, rfx] ug{ ;lsg] s'/fx¿ y'k|}5g\ . ulGtdf Nofpgsf] lglDt k|foM;Fu cy{ hf]l8g' :jefljs xf] h'g\ xfd|f sltko ;bZox¿nfO{ 3fF0ff] l;jfo s]xL x'b}g . j]nfot zfvfsf] j]e;fO6df 5flkPsf gfpx¿ ;jsf;j vfFl6 ;bZox'g] xf] eg] cfh j]nfot ;fvf s]xL k/ k'lu/s]sf] x'GYof] h:tf] nfU5 . x'g t k/b]zdf s'g\ kxf8 eTsfpg' 5 / Û oBlk s]Gb|nfO{ kg{uPsf] ef/sf] s]xL lx:;f lhDdf lngsf] lgDtL bx|f] v'6\6f 6]Sg ;Sg] x'g kfP klg 7"nf] pknlAw x'g] lyof] . To;f] t ;Dk"0f{ ;f]n'jf;L lhldx¿ uf]njGb x'g g;Sg'df lgoldt ;Dks{sf] cefj d"Vo xf] h;nfO{ ;f; wfGg] jxfgfdf ePsf] bf}8fx / ef}uf]lns sf/0fx¿ k|d'v jfws x'g\ eg] s]xL c+z xfd|f] cfˆg} r]tgf, ljj]s / hfFu/sf] cefj klg xf] . s'g} klg ;F:yfsf] :yfkgf ug'{ clnslt klg 7"nf] s'/f xf]Og . To; ;F:yfsf] cf]xbfdf j:g' t emg} s]xL xf]Og . ;F:yf slt wlg 5 Tof] t emg\ pNn]v ug{;d]t gldNg] s'/f xf] . ;F:yf To;j]nf ;Dk"0f{ xf] h'gj]nf ;F:yfn] AolQm, ;dfh / b]zsf] lglDt s]xL u/]sf] 5. kmnfgf ;F:yfn] ubf{ kmnfgfsf] Hofg jFRof] . kmnfgf ;F:yfn] ubf{ olt lhNnfjf;L jf ;dfh nfeflGjt eP . 5f]6s/Ldf – ;F:yfn] ubf{ ubf{ …o:tfÚ] eof] s;}n] eGg' c;n ;F:yf xf] gls To;sf] vftfdf olt 5 . To:tf] ;F:yf agfpg;Sg] x'lt s] xfdLdf 5 < j]nfjvt xfdLjLr o:t} 5nkmn x'G5 . cl3 eg]F, clxn] xfdL;Fu b]vfpgnfO{ xftfx'tL s]xL 5}g t/ ;F:yfnfO{ ;F:yfut agfpg] bLAob[i6L 5 . of]hgf 5 . cfwf/x¿ 5g\ . dfq xfdL;Fu j]j]s, r]tgf / hfFu/sf] s]xL cefj 5 . ctM k'tf{n ug{ k|oTg/t 5f}F .
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